Category: Blog Post

total effect and freshman comp

A notable excerpt from a recent interview with Bryan Caplan, an economist at George Mason, about his new book The Case Against Education over at The Chronicle of Higher Education:

[Education] needs to be either useful or enjoyable. And for most students, these subjects are neither, unfortunately. There is an enormous gap between the education that people receive and what they actually use in most of the jobs they have. I mean, there may be some small amount that they’re able to glean from it. But most of the stuff, right after the final exam, they’ll never need to know again. And if these are required classes that the student was not interested in, and they just took those classes to get the diploma, then that seems wasteful from almost any point of view.

Reading against the backdrop of my own (granted, idealistic and humane) view of university education, I find this passage to be a pretty cynical take on undergraduate learning—one driven by mere preparation for a particular job, characterized by acquisition of a fleeting collection of facts and not by cultivation of assiduous, liberal habits. The interview even veers into callous psychologizing: “Most kids are philistines—they are that way deep in their souls.” Yikes.

I could lay out my own arguments against weaponizing student boredom for the elimination of arts and humanities requirements, but in lieu of my own prose, I’ll simply turn to the closing paragraphs of Flannery O’Connor’s “Total Effect and the Eighth Grade,” an essay published in Mystery and Manners:

The high-school English teacher will be fulfilling his responsibility if he furnishes the student a guided opportunity, through the best writing of the past, to come, in time, to an understanding of the best writing of the present. He will teach literature, not social studies or little lessons in democracy or the customs of many lands. And if the student finds that this is not to his taste? Well, that is regrettable. Most regrettable. His taste should not be consulted; it is being formed.

I won’t deny that there are real problems in higher education, including required classes that “students typically … come to view as impositions to “get out of the way”” and “the failure of leaders in higher education to champion the liberal-arts ideal — that college should challenge, develop, and transform students’ minds and hearts so they can lead good, flourishing, and socially productive lives — and their stampeding into the “practical” enterprise of producing specialized workers to feed The Economy.” The impulse to calibrate a curriculum around what students “actually use in most of the jobs they have” seems misguided, as does a case against education grounded in eighteen-year-old antipathies. Our task isn’t to consult these antipathies; it’s to reform them.

secret’s out at miller

One of my favorite albums of 2016 was Real Enemies by Darcy James Argue’s Secret Society, an ambitious, big jazz record that takes American conspiratorial thinking as its motivating theme. (It’s true: we’ll make up our secret societies if we have to.) It has held up really well, and it’s worth hunting down a copy.

Argue’s group performed this weekend at Columbia’s Miller Theater, and although they didn’t play music from that release, they played some material that builds upon its rich harmonic toolkit. In the first half of the show, Argue explained that he had written “All In” for the late Laurie Frink, who played with the Secret Society on their first album. Fittingly, it featured trumpeter Nadje Noordhuis (whose note-bending is really something) and captures a lot of the enigmatic, almost tenebrous sound of Real Enemies.

A Puckish narrator, Argue noted that the song “Codebreaker” was written to honor the decisive contributions of Alan Turing and that “Transit” was inspired by the now-defunct Fung Wah Bus, the beloved Boston-New York Chinatown shuttle that was a staple of Boston-area undergraduate life. (Speaking not just for myself here, I take it!)

The show’s second half was entirely taken up by an Ellington-inspired forty-minute piece “Tensile Curves.” Lots of great clarinet work by Sam Sadigursky and drumming by Jon Wikan. I was especially captured by the last few minutes—the slow tempo and harmonic material reminded me of, say, a dark take on Bill Evans.

Secret’s out: these guys are good. Catch them if you can.

we awl fall down; or, read into existence the internet you want

That’s all for The Awl. This week the outlet—not sure whether you’re supposed to call it a  “general interest” website or a media blog or?—announced that it plans to close up shop at the end of the month: “For nearly a decade we followed a dream of building a better Internet, and though we did not manage to do that every day we tried very hard and we hope you don’t blame us for how things ultimately turned out.”

The closure was covered heavily—more than I expected even knowing that the site was, at least to a limited degree, the terrain of media insiders. Yes, it was popular in certain New York City circles and cracked jokes according to a certain New York City humor and even had reviews of New York City weather! (“deliberately obtuse and staunchly the opposite of weather prediction.”) But it was swiftly mourned in The New York Times and The New Yorker, these laments popping up almost like pre-written obits for serious cultural cornerstones.

I don’t think these prompt eulogies are out of place, however, even if it’s easy to dismiss them as signs of coastal cliquishness. (Disclaimer: The nice folks at The Awl let me write a couple brief posts for their site.) Instead, the Internet’s writers—at the Times and elsewhere—are discovering that the web is increasingly calcified, without many places to post weird, smart prose. On-line media now operates by the laws of virality and reliable appeal, so literary, existential weather reviews (e.g.) aren’t going to survive.

It’s a real bummer because it all means that the Internet is becoming boring and predictable.

Jia Tolentino analyzed The Awl’s plight through a similar lens: “in 2018, the economics of online publishing are running everyone off the map.” She explains earlier:

Blogs are necessarily idiosyncratic, entirely about sensibility: they can only be run by workhorses who are creative enough to amuse themselves and distinct enough to hook an audience, and they tend to publish like-minded writers, who work more on the principle of personal obsession than pay. The result is editorial latitude to be obscure and silly and particular, but the finances are increasingly hard to sustain; media consumption is controlled these days by centralized tech platforms—Facebook, Twitter—whose algorithms favor what is viral, newsy, reactionary, easily decontextualized, and of general appeal.

Tolentino’s assessment—the quirky, inquisitive genre of blogs vs. the “newsy, reactionary” genre of social media—reminded me of something that Timothy Burke from Swarthmore wrote earlier this very week about his own Internet writing habits:

It’s not clear to me any longer what good I can contribute as a public diarist. Much of what I think gets thought and expressed by someone else at a quicker pace, in a faster social media platform. More importantly, the value of my observations, whatever that might be, was secured through combining frankness and introspection, through raising rather than brutally disposing of open questions. This more than anything now seems quaintly out of place in social media. I feel as if it takes extreme curation to find pockets of social media commentary given over to skepticism and exploration, through collectively playful or passionate engagement with uncertainty and ambiguity.

Both of these posts draw attention to social media’s ascent and its omnivorous, impatient orientation. On the one hand, it is “decontextualized” and therefore has the potential not just for a “general” but even for a universal appeal. It doesn’t ask us for “introspection”; it blurts out “what’s happening in the world right now,” but unfortunately what’s happening in the world right now is consistently regrettable tweeting.

There’s some serious reckoning to do about on-line media—the ways it’s written, distributed, consumed—and there’s no way to accomplish all that in one way-past-my-bedtime blog post. I don’t mean to sketch a kind of Luddite argument here against Facebook, and I’m maybe just restating some element of that DFW “Inverse Cost and Quality Law” but for writing on the Internet. But one thing that definitely comes to mind, more generally, is the Awl tagline (or supplication or demand): “Be Less Stupid.” To borrow some of Burke’s terminology above, people have got to seek out “exploration” and “frankness” on the web, not just stumble into ICQL-driven, algorithmically rewarded anti-content.

To clarify: I don’t mean more people should have read The Awl. I do mean some people should read some odd duck sites like The Awl. I don’t know, think about using an RSS reader and then read into existence the Internet you want.